Bathers relaxing by Lake Geneva, Switzerland, at the Bains des Pâquis, a swimming area in the centre of the city. Photograph: Fabrice Coffrini/AFP/Getty Images

In the 1960s, the Swiss had some of the dirtiest water in Europe. Now, their cities boast pristine rivers and lakes – and other countries are looking to follow their lead

"...across Switzerland, such swimming scenes are normal. This hasn’t always been the case. In the 1960s, Switzerland had among the dirtiest water in Europe, blighted by mats of algae, mountains of foam, scum, and dead fish floating on the surface. For decades, swimming was banned in some rivers such as the Aare and Limmat on health grounds, and people could get ill if they swallowed the water.

Raw sewage and industrial wastewater flowed directly into water bodies – in 1965 only 14% of the population was connected to a wastewater treatment plant. Today, it is 98%, and the country has a reputation for pristine swimming waters, sometimes referred to as its “blue gold” – and it’s all thanks to a complex network of sewage plants....A key driver of that transformation was a tragedy in the mountain resort of Zermatt in 1963, when a typhoid outbreak killed three people and made 437 others ill. Soldiers were deployed and schools turned into emergency hospitals as panic spread. Pressure grew on the government to clean up the waterways, found to be the source of the outbreak. In 1971, the treatment of wastewater was written into Swiss law....In 2016, Switzerland became the first country to enforce legislation to clean up drugs and chemicals that collect in waterways. This work is based on a precautionary principle – if something has unknown effects, err on the side of caution. “It’s just a matter of time before they cause problems,” says Mattle....Conventional sewage treatment works are designed to deal with organic waste but are less effective with chemicals, hence plants across Switzerland are getting an upgrade....Each year, the Swiss are adding micropollutant treatment facilities to seven sewage plants, and now have a total of 37. By 2040, there will be about 140....In response to Switzerland’s work, the EU requires wastewater treatment plants serving more than 10,000 people to be able to remove micropollutants by 2045."

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A new EPA report warns that PFAS in biosolids may contaminate water and food. In NC, past use as fertilizer threatens drinking water in the Triangle, leaving communities without clear solutions.

Mary Grace has lived in Durham for decades, but lately, she’s been gripped with fear.

“People are hurting. People are getting cancer. People are dying because of this, and who's held accountable?” she asked, her voice heavy with emotion.

Grace, who lost multiple family members to cancer, believes that chemicals like PFAS — per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances — are an invisible threat, lurking in drinking water, soil and food. These so-called “forever chemicals” don’t break down in the environment and have been linked to cancer, thyroid disorders, and other serious health effects.

“They don’t just disappear. They’re in our food, our water, our land, our air,” she said. “We have to become activists, because corporations and the government are not addressing this.”

Her concern stems from a newly released EPA Draft Sewage Sludge Risk Assessment, which found that PFAS chemicals, particularly PFOA and PFOS, are widespread in biosolids — treated sewage sludge that is applied as fertilizer on farmland. The report suggests that biosolids could be contaminating drinking water sources, livestock and the food supply at levels that exceed safety thresholds.

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In Johnson County, Texas, ranchers are facing sickened family members and dying cattle—not from nature, but from man-made chemicals.

Tony Coleman and James Farmer, two local ranchers, noticed rancid odors from their neighbor’s property— stemming from the large, conspicuous piles of smoking fertilizer. Then when heavy rain poured down, the runoff flowed into Coleman’s and Farmer’s land and ponds. It wouldn’t be long before their stock ponds were brimming with dead, floating fish appeared. These are the same ponds their livestock drink from.

The culprit? Their neighbor used “biosolids”—a marketing term for sewage sludge produced by wastewater facilities. Sewage sludge is exactly what you would imagine. It is the by-product of everything that goes down the drain, containing various hazardous medical, household, and industrial chemicals. More bluntly, it’s human fecal matter mixed with a cocktail of thousands of other toxic substances, marketed as fertilizer to farmers far and wide. In just 2018, Texas used or disposed of 473,800 dry tons of sewage sludge.

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[These toxic chemicals enter WWTPs from stormwater runoff, ending up in sewage sludge. - Editor]

A recent study found high levels of two potentially deadly chemicals in human urine.

The study sampled the urine of 150 people and had "detection frequencies between 60% and 100%" of chemical 6PPD and 6PPD-Q, which are rubber additives commonly used in tires.

The long-term effects of 6PPD in humans hasn't been extensively studied, but what's clear to researchers is that 6PPD's source — tire-based pollution — is a big problem.

It's not easy to be exact, but studies estimate that tires create anywhere from 10-28% of the world's microplastic pollution, according to National Geographic. These particles don't just disappear — they end up in our water, our soil, and our bodies.

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By: Teagan King and Athena Fosler-Brazil - June 6, 2024 2:25 pm

Anti-sludge signs dotted the roadsides of rural Newton and McDonald Counties on Feb. 24 (Athena Fosler-Brazil/Missourian).

GRANBY — About a year after Blair Powell built his dream home in the southwest Missouri Ozarks, a noxious smell wafting from the farm next door ruined his son’s wedding reception in their backyard.

“It just was ungodly,” Powell said. “Just the worst, horrible, horrible smell. Eyes were burning, some were just nauseous, and some were sick, they had to leave.”

The source of the odor was a large waste lagoon on farmer Jerry Evans’ property, about a mile behind Powell’s house. The open-air pit contains “sludge,” as it is colloquially known, composed of animal parts and wastewater from meat and poultry processing facilities. According to neighbors, the material looks like a gray slurry, thick as a milkshake, and smells like a dead animal — which is what it is. Arkansas-based Denali Water Solutions made a deal with Evans and other farmers to house the lagoons and provided the material to area farmers as free “fertilizer.”
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Martin Phillips is one of three scientists who faced retaliation by supervisors at the Environmental Protection Agency, an inspector general’s investigation found. Credit:Jenn Ackerman, special to ProPublica

Three reports issued by the agency’s inspector general detailed personal attacks suffered by the scientists — including being called “stupid,” “piranhas” and “pot-stirrers” — and called on the EPA to take “appropriate corrective action” in response.

More than three years ago, a small group of government scientists came forward with disturbing allegations.

During President Donald Trump’s administration, they said, their managers at the Environmental Protection Agency began pressuring them to make new chemicals they were vetting seem safer than they really were. They were encouraged to delete evidence of chemicals’ harms, including cancer, miscarriage and neurological problems, from their reports — and in some cases, they said, their managers deleted the information themselves.

After the scientists pushed back, they received negative performance reviews and three of them were removed from their positions in the EPA’s division of new chemicals and reassigned to jobs elsewhere in the agency.

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[EDITOR NOTE: sewage sludge applied on farmlands is the predominant source of microplastics in the environment and crop plants are taking up microplastics.]

by Douglas Main

A growing body of scientific evidence shows that microplastics are accumulating in critical human organs, including the brain, alarming findings that highlight a need for more urgent actions to rein in plastic pollution, researchers say.

Different studies have detected tiny shards and specks of plastics in human lungs, placentas, reproductive organs, livers, kidneys, knee and elbow joints, blood vessels, and bone marrow.

Given the research findings, “it is now imperative to declare a global emergency” to deal with plastic pollution, said Sedat Gündoğdu, who studies microplastics at Cukurova University in Turkey.

Humans are exposed to microplastics – defined as fragments smaller than five millimeters in length – and the chemicals used to make plastics from widespread plastic pollution in air, water, and even food.

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